Sparkling Wines
Sparkling wines are those wines that contain significant levels of carbon dioxide. They're always table wines, with less than 4% sugar. There are two basic techniques to make sparkling wine:
- Natural Fermentation, and
- Direct injection or direct carbonation (addition of carbon dioxide)
The basic ingredient is usually a dry white, rosé, or red wine, then sugar is added to produce pressure, then this wine is clarified, followed by fermentation along with a percentage of actively growing yeast culture.
Direct carbonation is less expensive and easier, the base wine used is normally young fruity wine.
Sparkling wine then is bottled in special bottles, which are thicker than normal in order to withstand pressures, the neck of the bottle is shaped either for seating a crown cap or with a lip that catches a steel clamp to hold the cork in place.
